Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a specialized field of medicine focused on the surgical treatment of disorders affecting the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Neurosurgeons manage a variety of conditions ranging from acute emergencies to chronic neurological diseases, often working closely with neurologists and other specialists.

Common conditions treated in neurosurgery include:

1. Trauma: such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), skull fractures, spinal cord injury, and intracranial hemorrhage.
2. Neurovascular Disorders: including aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke requiring surgical intervention.
3. Tumors: of the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves, both benign and malignant.
4. Degenerative Spine Disease: such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis.
5. Functional Disorders: including drug-resistant epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s disease) managed with procedures like deep brain stimulation (DBS).
6. Congenital and Structural Abnormalities: such as hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, and spina bifida.

Neurosurgeons commonly perform procedures such as craniotomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, endoscopic spine surgery, and minimally invasive techniques. Advanced imaging (MRI, CT), intraoperative monitoring, and neuronavigation systems support precision in diagnosis and surgical planning.